Tag Archive for Malware

Blackhole Crimeware

Malware Dark Reading reports that attackers are increasingly using the Blackhole exploit kit in phishing campaigns. The latest phishing scam poses as an email notification from an HP (HPQ) OfficeJet Printer has sent around 36,000 per minute resulting in nearly 8 million emails thus far and uses 2,000 domains to serve up the malware.

BotnetResearchers at AppRiver told Dark Reading the trend demonstrates how Blackhole is following the pattern of popular crimeware kit Zeus and SpyEye. Blackhole traditionally has been used to infect legitimate websites for drive-by infection purposes. “This attack is unique because Blackhole added an email vector to its format and is flooding the Internet with similar methods used by Zeus, SpyEye, and others, essentially moving it into prime time,” says Fred Touchette, senior security analyst for AppRiver.

Blackhole, which previously had been marketed as a high-end crimeware tool, costing $1,500 for a one-year license, in May was unleashed for free in some underground forums. That has propelled more use of the toolkit according to the AppRiver blog.

AppriverMr. Touchette said that attackers using Blackhole have changed tactics,”This is the first that I have personally noticed that leads email recipients to Blackhole websites. Before that, people using the Blackhole Kit relied on techniques such as SEO poisoning to lead victims to their sites,” he says.

The OfficeJet email campaign, like other Blackhole attacks, is trolling for victims’ online banking credentials according to Dark Reading. It works a lot like Zeus and others, using browser vulnerabilities on victims’ machines and creating a backdoor for downloading and installing the Trojans. AppRiver’s Touchette says Blackhole appears to favor Sun Oracle (ORCL) Java (I wrote about Java holes here) and Adobe (ADBE) bugs (I wrote about Adobe bugs here).

HP“This most recent campaign is still trickling in, but will soon stall as most of its domains have been picked up and blacklisted by security professionals … we were seeing malicious emails related to this campaign coming in at a rate of around 36,000 per minute,” Mr. Touchette says.

Recent botnet takedowns have spurred an increase in malware attacks recently as botnet operators try to rebuild, AppRiver’s Touchette told Dark Reading.

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Yeap- We are still seeing these trickling in and still have users reporting they cant access their OfficeJet .

Tablet Security Tips

Portable computingICSA Labs suggests a series of security tips for users of smartphones, tablets and apps Help Net Security reports.

App store1. Only buy apps from recognized app stores. Apps from unofficial third-party stores and applications downloaded from peer-to-peer sites are much more likely to contain malware than apps sanctioned by official vendor stores such as the Android App Market or Apple App Store.

2. Think twice about accepting “permissions.” Most applications, legitimate as well as malicious ones, need users to accept several “permissions” before the apps are installed. Check carefully to be sure that the app comes from a legitimate source. I wrote about mobile phones leaking data previously.

Inspect bills3. Monitor bills for irregular charges. If attackers gain access to personal information stored on the mobile device, they can quickly rack up charges by sending “silent” text messages to high-priced call services. For example, if the Google (GOOG) Android Trojan GGTracker is inadvertently installed on a device, it can sign up users, without their knowledge, for premium text messaging services.

4. Employ security policies to protect employer-issued devices. Employers should enforce password-based access and require voice mail codes so that only authorized users can get access to data on employer-issued devices.

Bring your own device5. Be mindful that more and more employees bring their personal devices to work. Companies must have security systems and policies in place to safeguard their business environment and prevent access to company networks from employees’ personal devices. I wrote about BYOT here

6. Remember that mobile devices are tiny handheld PCs. Many security threats that apply to traditional computers also apply to mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, and consumers should take necessary measures to protect themselves. One way to do this is to install anti-malware software on mobile devices and enable VPN functionality.

7. Protect your mobile phone password and voicemail PIN. If your mobile phone does not have a password, add one that is at least six digits. Try to choose a unique password that is not already used across other systems and accounts. Do not use repeating digits in passwords or voice mail pins. Remember that your provider will never request your voice mail pin, so do not be tempted to give it to anyone who requests it.

Malware in Text

MalwareA team of security researchers have engineered a way of hiding malware in sentences that read like English language spam. The research led by Dr Josh Mason of Johns Hopkins University along with Dr Sam Small of Johns Hopkins, Dr Fabian Monrose of the University of North Carolina, and Greg MacManus of iSIGHT Partners outlined the threat in a paper English Shellcode (PDF) presented at the 2009 ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. According to the UK’s Computing the paper shows hackers could evade anti-virus protection by hiding malicious code in sentences that read like English language spam

ThText on screene article says that attackers could develop a tool that would be the next step in the hacking and virus arms race. Hackers could hide alphanumeric shellcode in valid files which would activate the malicious payload of a code-injection attack, This attack vector could give attackers control of system resources, applications, and data on a compromised computer.

The researchers report they can generate English shellcode in less than one hour on standard PC hardware. The text in bold is the instruction set and the plain text is skipped.“There is a major center of economic activity, such as Star Trek, including The Ed Sullivan Show. The former Soviet Union. International organization participation.”

The good news, Dr. Mason said that the widespread use of this attack vector is limited because the alphanumeric character set is much smaller than the set of characters available in Unicode and UTF-8 encodings. This means that the set of instructions available for composing alphanumeric shellcode is relatively small.  “There was really not a lot to suggest it could be done because of the restricted instruction set,” said Dr. Mason. Long strings of mostly capital letters, for example would be very suspicious.

Computing claims the work is a breakthrough. Current network security techniques work on the assumption that the code used in code-injection attacks, where it is delivered and run on victims’ computers, has a different structure to non-executable plain data, such as English prose. If an attacker challenge’s the assumption that executable code structure is different than non-executable data malware would be almost impossible to detect  Dr Nicolas T Courtois, an expert in security and cryptology at University College London, said malware deployed in this way would be “hard, if not impossible, to detect reliably.” The research is a proof of concept, but Dr. Mason doubts any hackers are using the technique to disguise their code. “I’d be astounded if anyone is using this method in the real world owing to the amount of engineering it took to pull off,” he said. “A lot of people didn’t think it could be done.”

Professor John Walker, managing director of forensics consultancy Secure-Bastion, argued the research highlights the flaws in the anti-virus community’s approach to security exploits. “There is no doubt in my mind that anti-virus software as we know it today has gone well past its sell by date,” he said.

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Carly Fiorina

Did Carly Fiorina lock up mid-thought due to this?

If this technology gets out in the wild, most experts believe that the current signature based anti-malware products will miss the attack and leave us all defenseless. Sounds like a something the chip makers should be working on. Is this why Intel bought McAfee?

What do you think?

Can the anti-malware industry adapt to new threats from attachers?

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Jay Leno Most Dangerous Celebrity in Cyberspace

MalwareThere are many late nights when I sit in the Bach Seat after a long day of coordinating shared technical services and need some silliness. Jay Leno was my late-night source of silliness until BitDefender told me he is the Most Dangerous Celebrity in Cyberspace.

Jay LenoAccording to an analysis of 25 million spam messages by the Bucharest, Romania based anti-malware firm, comedian and TV host Jay Leno is the most dangerous Hollywood celebrity in cyberspace. BitDefender found Mr. Leno mentioned in the subject line of 38,000 spam messages most of which focused around medicine and the purchasing of pills but come with enticing subjects such as ‘Jay Leno found taking drugs.’

“Cyber criminals follow the latest trends just as consumers do and they use these and the names of popular celebrities in their campaigns in order to lure people to websites that are full of malicious software (malware),” said Catalin Cosoi, Head of the BitDefender Online Threats Lab.

AfBitDefenderter Mr. Leno, the article at InfosSec Island says that cyber criminals next most often used Madonna and Cameron Diaz to spread spam. (I wrote Cameron Diaz’s reign and the McAfee “Most Dangerous Celebrity on the Web” here). The rest of the top 10 personalities used by spammers include:

Other notables on the list are:

Notable for their absence from the list are:

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The use of celebrities to promote malware and spam is deeply rooted in social networking and Web 2.0. In 2009, Barracuda Networks identified a ‘Twitter crimewave’ on Twitter after popular celebrities joined the service to tweet to fans. Criminals followed the celebrities to the new service sensing a new population of easy-to-fool users, using a range of techniques including impersonation and simple link spamming to draw people to malware-infested websites. Facebook still has a major problem with celebrity abuse.

This may seem trivial because most firms have set up gateways to filter these spam-mails from hapless users in boxes. However, there are enough users that ignore the warnings and open spam-mails to make spamming on a vast scale worthwhile to the spammers.

What do you think?

Who is your favorite late nigt host?

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Malware History – Part 2

2011 marks the 40th anniversary of the computer virus. Help Net Security notes that over the last four decades, malware instances have grown from 1,300 in 1990, to 50,000 in 2000, to over 200 million in 2010. Fortinet (FTNT) marks this dubious milestone with an article which counts down some of the malware evolution low-lights. The Sunnyvale, CA network security firm says that viruses evolved from an academic proof of concepts, to geek pranks which have evolved into cybercriminal tools.by 2005, monetization of the virus scene was underway and almost all viruses developed for the sole purpose of making money via more or less complex business models. According to FortiGuard Labs, the most significant computer viruses over the last 40 years are:

- See Part 1 Here – See Part 2 Here  - See Part 3 Here  - See Part 4 Here

1945 – A Bug is BornGrace Murray Hopper, a researcher at Harvard, notes a system failure and finds a moth trapped in relay panels.

1949 – Self-replicating programsJohn von Newman a researcher from Hungary published the theoretical base for computers that store information in their “memory”.

1962 – A group of  Bell Telephone Labs researchers invent a game that destroys software programs.

1971 – The Creeper Virus appears on ARPANET, forerunner of the Internet. It replicates itself and displays a message: “I’m the Creeper: Catch Me if You Can.”

1974 – The Wabbit – was a self-replicating program, that made multiple copies of itself on a computer  until it bogs down the system to such an extend that system performance is reduced to zero and the computer eventually crashes.  This virus was named wabbit because of the speed at which it was able to replicate.

Apple IIe1981 – Elk Cloner – the first widespread virus on the Apple (AAPL) II platform, spreads by floppy disk and infects boot sectors, generating messages and impairing performance.

1983 -  The term “computer virus” comes into vogue after Professor Len Adleman at Lehigh University demonstrates the concept at a seminar.

1986 – The Brain is the first global epidemic on the PC platform and shows businesses and consumers are clueless about protection.

1987 – Jerusalem virus – On any Black Friday (Friday the 13th), it would delete any programs that were run, instead of infecting them, so it simply couldn’t be ignored,” Roger Thompson told News.com, Australia. “You couldn’t throw away your hard drive, and reformatting it didn’t remove the virus” the chief research officer for AVG said.

BSD Daemon1988 – The Morris worm - created by Robert Tappan Morris, infects DEC VAX and Sun machines running BSD UNIX connected to the Internet, and becomes the first worm to spread extensively “in the wild”, and one of the first well-known programs exploiting buffer overrun vulnerabilities.

1990 – Chameleon- the first documented polymorphic virus, malware that adapts and changes to avoid detection.

1992 – Michelangelo - was expected to create a digital apocalypse on March 6, with millions of computers having their information wiped according to mass media hysteria surrounding the virus.  Later assessments of the damage showed the aftermath to be minimal.

1995 -  Concept – the first Macro virus attacked Microsoft (MSFT) Word documents.

1996 – Laroux – the first Microsoft (MSFT) Excel virus, appears in the wild.

Microsoft Windows 981999 – The Happy99 worm – invisibly attached itself to emails and would display fireworks to hide the changes being made then wished the user a happy New Year. It modified system files related to Microsoft (MSFT) Outlook Express and Internet Explorer (IE) on Windows 95 and Windows 98.

1999 – The Melissa worm targeted Microsoft (MSFT) Word and Outlook based systems, and created considerable network traffic.

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Back in the day, I had to deal with both Happy99 and Melissa, as well as the occasional Stoned. Melissa was the easiest to deal with since I was running a GroupWise shop at the time, once the news spread, we just pulled the Cat5 from the GWIA and we saw minimal blowback. Lets hear it for technological diversity.

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