{"id":78122,"date":"2015-09-24T18:02:12","date_gmt":"2015-09-24T22:02:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rbach.net\/blog\/index.php\/"},"modified":"2021-07-18T20:53:58","modified_gmt":"2021-07-19T00:53:58","slug":"ipv4-ipocalypse-strikes-u-s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/ipv4-ipocalypse-strikes-u-s\/","title":{"rendered":"IPv4 IPocalypse Strikes U.S."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160906082644\/http:\/\/www.argyllfreepress.com\/2015\/09\/25\/north-america-runs-out-of-ipv4-addresses-21588\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" title=\"IPv4 IPocalypse Strikes U.S.\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190214013426\/http%3A\/\/www.argyllfreepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/No-more-IPv4-Addresses-for-North-America.jpg?resize=137%2C77&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"IPv4 IPocalypse Strikes U.S.\" width=\"137\" height=\"77\" \/><\/a>The world is ending. the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171118185611\/http:\/\/etherealmind.com\/network-dicitonary-ipocalypse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IPocalypse<\/a><\/strong> is upon us! As I (and a lot of other people) have been <a href=\"http:\/\/rbachnet.wwwmi3-ss40.a2hosted.com\/index.php\/ipv6-anyone\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">warning<\/a> for a while now, <strong>North America has finally run out of new IPv4 addresses<\/strong>. The American Registry for Internet Numbers (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arin.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ARIN<\/a>), the group that distributes Internet addresses for North America,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arin.net\/announcements\/2015\/20150924.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said<\/a> Thursday it has assigned the last addresses in its IPv4 free pool.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210414180531\/https:\/\/mashable.com\/2011\/02\/03\/ipv4-ipv6-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IPv4<\/a> dates back to 1981 and only has room for 4.3 billion unique addresses. <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210414180531\/https:\/\/mashable.com\/2011\/02\/03\/ipv4-ipv6-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IPv6<\/a>, introduced in 1999, should have enough addresses to serve Internet users for generations, according to ARIN.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180722114111\/https:\/\/www.networkworld.com\/article\/2985340\/ipv6\/arin-finally-runs-out-of-ipv4-addresses.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-105529\" title=\"No more ew IPv4 addresses\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rbach.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/empty_store.jpg?resize=399%2C266&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"No more ew IPv4 addresses\" width=\"399\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rbach.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/empty_store.jpg?w=620&amp;ssl=1 620w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rbach.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/empty_store.jpg?resize=75%2C50&amp;ssl=1 75w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rbach.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/empty_store.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nAnyone who still needs IPv4 addresses can request them from ARIN, but they <strong>won&#8217;t have any to give away<\/strong> unless it gets more from the global Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) or returned addresses from users who don&#8217;t need them anymore.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161005142234\/http:\/\/www.thetelecomblog.com\/2015\/07\/29\/goodbye-ipv4-hello-ipv6-why-embracing-next-gen-internet-protocols-is-essential-to-help-your-business-evolve\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-105533\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rbach.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/ipv6_evolution.png?resize=150%2C88&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"88\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rbach.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/ipv6_evolution.png?resize=150%2C88&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rbach.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/ipv6_evolution.png?resize=75%2C44&amp;ssl=1 75w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rbach.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/ipv6_evolution.png?w=300&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180520235847\/https:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/2986292\/networking-hardware\/its-official-north-america-is-out-of-new-ipv4-addresses.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">According<\/a> to\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PCWorld<\/a><\/em>, ARIN already runs a <strong>waiting list<\/strong> for requests, which they set up earlier this year. \u00a0Users can also buy IPv4 addresses on the<strong> IPv4 grey market<\/strong>\u00a0(<em><strong>rb-<\/strong>\u00a0I first <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2wgaW-Zr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported<\/a> on the IPv4 grey market in 2011<\/em>) from others who don&#8217;t need them and are looking to make some money. Addresses recently were going for around US$10-$12 each, according to people who follow the transfer market.<\/p>\n<p><em>PC World<\/em> speculates that more North American addresses may go on the grey market now that <strong>ARIN has exhausted its pool of fresh ones<\/strong>. That event triggered a change in the organization&#8217;s rules for approving transfers: There is no longer any restriction on how often an address holder can request transfers to specified recipients.<\/p>\n<p>North American is just the latest to run out of IP addresses according to the <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2015\/09\/24\/arin_ipv4_interview_ipv6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Register<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">APNIC<\/a>, which allocates addresses in Asia-Pacific, ran out of available IPv4 addresses in 2011;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ripe.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RIPE<\/a>, which oversees Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia, ran out in 2012; and<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160310185035\/http:\/\/www.lacnic.net\/web\/lacnic\/ipv6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LACNIC<\/a>, which manages Latin America and the Caribbean, ran dry in 2014.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All that&#8217;s left is <a href=\"http:\/\/afrinic.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AFRINIC<\/a>, which oversees Africa, and is expected to run out of IPv4 addresses in 2019.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The IPv4 space globally offers 4,294,967,296 network addresses \u2013 which seemed like an awful lot back in the 1970s when the internet was coming together. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.esquire.com\/entertainment\/interviews\/a4451\/vint-cerf-0508\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vint Cerf,<\/a> father of the internet, (not <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210411180539\/https:\/\/paleofuture.gizmodo.com\/did-al-gore-invent-the-internet-1447761524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Al Gore<\/a>) told\u00a0<em>the Register<\/em>,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><em>When we designed the Internet 40 years ago, we did some calculations and estimated that <strong>4.3 billion terminations<\/strong> ought to be enough for an experiment. Well, the experiment escaped the lab<\/em><\/p>\n<p>IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, and there are 3.4 \u00d7 1038 available \u2013 that&#8217;s <strong>340 undecillion<\/strong>, although, practically speaking, 42 undecillion are usable.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Rb-<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<em> I told you <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2wgaW-P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">so<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2wgaW-Zr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">again<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2wgaW-1l4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">again<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2wgaW-My\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">again<\/a>. Maybe now that North America has run out of new IPv4 addresses, the IPv6 migration might get some attention and pick up speed. Maybe.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><a title=\"Ralph Bach\" href=\"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/new-resume\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ralph Bach<\/a>\u00a0has been in IT long enough to know better and has blogged from his\u00a0<a title=\"Bach Seat\" href=\"https:\/\/rbach.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bach Seat<\/a> about IT, careers, and anything else that catches his attention since 2005. You can follow him on <a class=\"broken_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rb48334\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">LinkedIn<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ralph.bach.14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook<\/a>,\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/rbach48334\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter<\/a>. Email the Bach Seat\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:\/\/bach.seat@gmail.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The IPocalypse strikes the U.S. as ARIN has run out of IPv4 addresses to assign<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[3277,87,2221,321,403,33,15,598],"class_list":["post-78122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-networking","tag-3277","tag-arin","tag-grey-market","tag-ipocalypse","tag-ipv4","tag-ipv6","tag-networking","tag-vint-cerf"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78122"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131720,"href":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78122\/revisions\/131720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rbach.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}