Tag Archive for Cisco

A Close Look at 802.11ac Wi-Fi

TA Close Look at 802.11ac Wi-Fiech pundits argue that the new Wi-Fi standard 802.11ac will replace wired gigabit Ethernet networking. 802.11ac is a supercharged version of 802.11n, offering link speeds ranging from 433 Mbps, up to multiple gigabits per second.

Wi-FiTo make 802.11ac dozens of times faster than 802.11n, the new standard works exclusively in the 5GHz band uses a huge chunk of bandwidth (80 or 160MHz), operates in up to eight spatial streams (MIMO), and a technology called beamforming.

At its core, 802.11ac is essentially an updated version of 802.11n, according to Sebastian Anthony the author of an ExtremeTech article “What is 802.11ac WiFi, and how much faster than 802.11n is it?” 802.11n was a huge performance increase over 802.11a and g. 802.11n introduced some key technologies that brought massive speed boosts. Where 802.11n had support for four spatial streams (4×4 MIMO) and a channel width of 40MHz, 802.11ac can use eight spatial streams and has channels up to 80MHz wide, which can be combined to make 160MHz channels. This means that 802.11ac has 8 x 160MHz of spectral bandwidth to play with, versus 4 x 40MHz – a huge difference that allows 802.11ac to send vast amounts of data across the airwaves.

Beamforming

What is new in Wi-Fi

802.11ac also introduces 256-QAM modulation (up from 64-QAM in 802.11n), which sends 256 different signals over the same frequency by shifting each signal to a slightly different phase. In theory, this quadruples the spectral efficiency of 802.11ac over 802.11n. Spectral efficiency is a measure of how well a given wireless protocol/modulation/multiplexing technique uses the bandwidth available to it.

802.11ac also introduces standardized beamforming Matthew Gast, Director of Product Management at AeroHive Networks published an article, “Investing in Beamforming: Is it worth it?” that explains beamforming.

Aerohive logoRather than transmitting a radio signal in all directions, beamforming figures out where the receiver is, and focus the energy towards the receiver. Instead of spraying radio energy all over the place, send packets as a “rifle shot” directly to the receiver’s antenna Mr.Gast explains.

Beamforming is a two-step process: First, figure out how to “aim” the transmission at the receiver, and second, send the transmission. With beamforming, a transmitter is betting that by paying the cost of the channel measurement process, the data transmission that follows will speed up enough to pay off the cost.

802.11n Beamforming was non-standardized, in 802.11ac, there is only one method of beamforming, called the Null Data Packet (NDP). (rb- Read the AeroHive article for a full description of NDP)

Aerohive’s Gast concludes that by steering the energy towards a receiver, beamforming enables you to take a step up to a higher data rate. Mr. Gast estimates that 802.11-based beamforming gives you a 3-5 dB gain.

802.11ac is speedyIn theory, at the 5GHz band with beamforming, 802.11ac should have the same or better range than 802.11n  However, Mr. Anthony says the 5GHz band, has less penetration power so it doesn’t have the same range as 2.4GHz (802.11b/g). The ExtremeTech article concludes that’s an acceptable trade-off: there simply isn’t enough spectral bandwidth in the cluttered 2.4GHz band to allow for 802.11ac’s gigabit-level speeds.

ExtremeTech‘s Anthony calculates there are two answers to how fast is Wi-Fi 802.11ac, the theoretical max speed, and the practical max speed that mere mortals will get surrounded by lots of signal-attenuating obstacles.

He calculates the theoretical max speed of 802.11ac is eight 160MHz 256-QAM channels, each of which is capable of 866.7Mbps – a grand total of 6,933Mbps, or just shy of 7Gbps. That’s a transfer rate of 900 megabytes per second. Compare this with 802.11n’s max theoretical speed, which was 600Mbps. He then says in practice, the current max speed of 802.11ac devices is 1.7Gbps.

ExtremeTech points out there will be a second wave of 802.11ac devices – due in 2014 after the standard is finalized – before 160MHz channels and multi-gigabit speeds become a reality. The max speed over an 80MHz channel is 433.3Mbps, and there aren’t any 802.11ac chipsets that support up to eight streams.

Broadcom logoKevin Fitchard at GigaOM reports that recently the Wi-Fi Alliance kicked off its 802.11ac certification program. First to get the official Wi-Fi stamp of approval was the Samsung Mega 6.3, followed by two other Samsung models.

As with the 802.11n certification process, the Wi-Fi equipment makers are moving faster than the standards bodies. The IEEE is actually still putting the finishing touches on the 802.11ac standard, which is not due until 2014.

Wi-Fi certifiedThe Wi-Fi Alliance expects the first batch of ac devices will support speeds of 433 Mbps and progress into more advanced levels of the standard. The Alliance has pre-certified systems from companies like Broadcom (BRCM), Qualcomm (QCOM), Realtek, and Marvell (MRVL). Cisco (CSCO) was one of the first vendors to get an access point certified.

“AC is going into mobile and portable devices first…,” Wi-Fi Alliance Marketing and Program Management Director Kelly Davis-Felner said. ABI Research estimates that 40 percent of all ac devices shipped in 2013 will be handsets.

rb-

Wi-Fi will replace wired Ethernet networkingWhile tech pundits argue that the new 802.11ac Wi-Fi will replace wired gigabit Ethernet networking at home and in the office. While the consumerization of IT and BYOD are strong forces, the life-cycle of cabling infrastructure is 25 years, a cost not lightly abandoned in the walls. it is more likely to happen at home first. Who wants all the crappy wires running all over the house?

Related articles

 

Ralph Bach has been in IT long enough to know better and has blogged from his Bach Seat about IT, careers, and anything else that catches his attention since 2005. You can follow him on LinkedInFacebook, and Twitter. Email the Bach Seat here.

Is Connected Car Data Worth $1,400 Annually?

Is Connected Car Data Worth $1,400 Annually?Michael Strong at TheDetroitBureau.com reports that Continental AG and Cisco (CSCO) recently demoed a highly connected car using the internet to improve vehicle safety and infotainment options at the recent Center for Automotive Research Management Briefing Seminars in Traverse City, MI.

Cisco logoThe firms believe they’ve produced a connected car that provides a balance between giving consumers a safe, connected driving experience while providing companies with a chance to offer services that enhance the driving experience: for a price.

According to the article, the companies involved in bringing the Internet to cars collect an enormous amount of information about drivers. This presents a variety of challenges when it comes to privacy, who owns the information, how can or should it be used and what’s it worth?

data generated by a connected car is worth about $1,400 a year.While privacy and data ownership issues are still up in the air thanks to the U.S. government. Andreas Mai, director of product management at Cisco, believes data generated by a connected car is worth about $1,400 a year.  He breaks it down this way:

  • Drivers can save $550 through better fuel economy, less time stuck in traffic, lower insurance rates, etc.
  • Society can save $420 by employing car platoons to speed up traffic and increase a road’s capacity.
  • Service providers can earn $150 by providing traffic guidance, navigation, parking, emergency services, etc.
  • Automakers can save $300 in lower warranty costs, profitable apps, etc.

The key, according to the article, is to maximize the information that can be collected (and re-sold) is convincing drivers that they get a tangible benefit from releasing the data, such as shorter commutes or lower insurance rates (thanks Flo). According to a survey by Cisco, 74% of drivers were willing to share vehicle information. However, who or what owns that information still needs to be sorted out, he said. They must balance all of those things against the driver’s wants and needs: connectivity, infotainment, and cutting-edge safety features.

Cars switch between 3G, 4G, WiFi, and DSRC on the goThe firms believe they’ve produced a connected car that provides a balance between giving consumers a safe, connected driving experience while providing companies with a chance to offer services that enhance the driving experience: for a price.

Continental and Cisco teamed up to keep the bits flying. As a vehicle moves it needs to prioritize the critical needs of drivers and passengers for network connectivity, according to the article. Digital Trends explains that Continental will supply the hardware and Cisco will provide the software. The car can switch between 3G, 4G, WiFi, and Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) on the go, depending on service quality and cost to the customer. DSRC system is part of the emerging vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) technology system that allows cars to communicate with each other directly – and autonomously.

A Cisco software router loaded in Continental hardware performs the network switching. The router sends signals first to a Cisco-managed “Connected Car Cloud,” which then relays information to whatever network appears optimal at the moment.

 Connected Car Concept

The Cisco on-board software system can seamlessly switch between available 3G, 4G, and other wireless networks based on cost and quality of service preferences. “Connected vehicles are opening up a vast field of opportunities for services to make driving safer, more efficient, and more comfortable,” said Ralf Lenninger, head of innovation and strategy, Continental’s Interior Division. “This is why we are looking at ways to connect the moving vehicle in a highly secure, fast, and reliable way.

the same amount of network security that is available at homeThe Cisco and Continental proof-of-concept connected car show how auto manufactures can provide the same amount of network security that is available at home (oh NO!) or in the office. Cisco provides one highly secure software gateway that delivers Cisco’s core networking capabilities and optimizes multiple communication links and mobility services to and from the vehicle. Security against cyber attacks will become more important as more vehicles include connected functions.

rb-

I recently covered Ford’s efforts to understand connected cars by studying the commlinks of space-based robots here.

The savings claims seem suspicious to me. The “lower insurance costs” are just cash savings. Oh, yeah Walmart is still in business. What is going to be the costs to the drivers after the insurance companies get their Hadoop big data analytics on the data from the magic boxes they are installing? Will they use the data you provided them to change the rules on your policy to raise your rates? It only takes a small leap to think about what the NSA could do with the data.

Just in case someone at Cisco or Ford or anybody else is reading this, here are some suggestions from Veracode to secure connected cars.. 

Versacode Connected Car infographic

Infographic by Veracode Application Security

 

Related articles

 

Ralph Bach has been in IT long enough to know better and has blogged from his Bach Seat about IT, careers, and anything else that catches his attention since 2005. You can follow him on LinkedInFacebook, and Twitter. Email the Bach Seat here.

Can SDN Save IT?

Can SDN Save IT?In a recent article “SDN Spreads Its Wings And Starts To Fly” on No Jitter Bob Emmerson writes that for Software Defined Networks (SDN) to take off and live up to its promise of a new area in ICT, an enterprise based ecosystem with key enterprise players must develop. He does not believe that SDN has made sufficient inroads into the enterprise, he writes, “.. so far most of the emphasis in Software Defined Networks (SDN) has been the virtual network architecture,” he continues, that the potential of SDN requires the enterprise, ” … the emergence of a new ICT era … can only come–via an ecosystem comprising key players in the enterprise space.”

Mr. Emmerson writes that SDN makes the network more valuable to the organization. “No longer is the networking infrastructure viewed as merely providing fast connectivity between users, servers, and storage.”

He explains that in an SDN-enabled network features are applications that run as individual processes and software packages on Ethernet switches. They can be downloaded when more services and features are required. There are also extensive scripting capabilities as well additional layers of intelligence that perform tasks like identity management to integrate security and policy enforcement that identifies, locates, and authenticates connected devices and users.

The centralized management platforms use network-level intelligence to replace the duties performed by a PC’s Operating System. These platforms automate tasks, like assigning profiles, and they also allow resources to be added, dropped, or relocated via a Web interface.

Comparing apples and organgesThe article argues that SDN can be used to converge networks. With SDN he argues that 6 networks can be converged on top of the regular wide-area infrastructure. He proposes that enterprises can converge their WLAN/BYOD, Unified Communications (UC), Physical Security for surveillance, Audio-Video Bridging, and HPC into a single network with SDN. These “silo” solutions become part of a single unified edge in an SDN environment. The network OS will immediately recognize new devices, phones, access points, or switches that use the OpenFlow communications protocol, and they will be configured automatically. This feature also applies to new employees as well as those that get a new position in the company. Rights will be assigned automatically according to their job title.

Network 1. WLAN/BYOD: The author predicts a new generation of Access Points (APs) that lowers the cost of deploying and operating a secure, reliable 802.11n WLAN, by using SDN acts as a virtual controller and coordinate the operation of neighboring APs. The SDN virtual controller handles BYOD and other security issues automatically. When a new device is detected, the relevant privileges and policies, determined by the network administrator for the device owner are granted automatically. No other process is required.

Network 2. Unified Communications: UC is a particularly interesting application according to the article. The article states that SDN can address concerns about bandwidth-hungry services like video streaming impacting other media. The issue can be addressed in real-time. If congestion is detected, then the management platform will dynamically allocate additional resources for the duration of the session. It’s that simple Mr. Emmerson concludes.

Network 3. Physical Security: On the physical security network, No Jitter reports that software intelligence embedded in the operating system automates tasks including IP surveillance camera and device discovery, configuration, authentication, power management via Power over Ethernet, and network policy assignment. Automated device discovery is enabled via LLDP.

Network 4. Audio-Video Bridging: Mr. Emmerson says that AVB technology is available on the switches. If AVB is available on network switches (rb- You may want to check with Cisco (CSCO) on the cost of their AV systems before you put it on a switch the TX9000 costs like $300,000.00) If you can swing the money, benefits include reduced complexity of cabling and installations, interoperability between networking devices, and a reduced need for complex network setup and management. The infrastructure negotiates and manages the network for optimal prioritized media transport.

Network 5. High-Performance Computing: The No Jitter article says that High-Performance Computing (HPC) can use SDN to eliminate the Fiber Channel network typically used to connect big data storage to HPC boxes. The author claims that the high-speed, low-latency communications needed by HPC can now be met with 40 Gbps Ethernet in the data center and SDN. He says, “Fiber Channel can go away.”

rb-

Mr. Emmerson concludes that SDN can solve many of the evils that plague IT. He writes that “SDN enables the consolidation of all the various network types that enterprises employ, and it automates many of the routine management tasks. In turn, this results in the ability to run more efficient communications tasks and to operate in a unified corporate environment.” (rb- especially if you use Extreme (EXTR) equipment)

I do agree with several other conclusions he makes in the article. He says that SDN is an IT game-changer, “The game it’s changing is the closed, proprietary world of networking with its vertically integrated hardware, slow innovation and artificially high margins: a world that hasn’t changed much for decades.” Did I almost hear the C_ _ _o word in there?

SDN reality checkHe breathlessly concludes that all that ails IT will be cured by SDN, “… the benefits of managing one network instead of different silos, the real-time automation of configuration and resource allocations tasks, and the tight integration of devices and the network will lead to efficiencies of scale and facilitate the development of next-generation services. SDN is enabling IT to make better use of corporate resources: to do more while operating in an era of tight budgets and a problematic economy.” Yeah but there also has to be someone to break down the silos and get the video guys and the facilities guys to give up some of their turf and headcount.

What do you think?

Is the biggest challenge to SDN technical or political?

View Results

Loading ... Loading ...
Related articles

 

Ralph Bach has been in IT long enough to know better and has blogged from his Bach Seat about IT, careers, and anything else that catches his attention since 2005. You can follow him on LinkedInFacebook, and Twitter. Email the Bach Seat here.

Tech Disrupters

Tech DisruptersThe BusinesInsider notes that analysts at investment bank Citi (C) have issued a new research report, that takes a look at 10 disrupting technologies, According to BusinessInsider, these technologies will change the way we do business. The firm which took $300 billion dollars taxpayer-funded bail-out looked into practically every sector you can think of: energy, entertainment, IT, manufacturing, and transportation among them to identify disrupters.

Software-Defined Networks

One of the information technologies that Citi called a disrupter is Software Defined Networks (SDN). SDN’s simplify IT networks by separating the Control Plane (the intelligence) from the Data Plane (the packet forwarding engine). “Instead of having intelligence distributed across the network in separate boxes, SDN centralizes the Control plane in an overriding software layer which disseminates instructions to each router or switch.

Citi claims that SDN is too cheap to resist. They cite data from IDC that says Software Defined Networking is expected to grow from just under $360 million in 2013 to $3.7 billion in 2016. Revenues are likely to be split between startups, traditional network vendors like Cisco (CSCO), and big IT vendors like IBM (IBM), HP (HPQ), and Dell.

Software-as-a-Service

The prognosticators at Citi also identified SaaS as another disruptive opportunity. The article explains that Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is Internet-based software delivery. Basically, customers can use software that they’d otherwise have to buy via downloads or at a store. Examples include Google (GOOGAppsMicrosoft (MSFT) 365, and Amazon (AMZN) web services.

In 2012, the SaaS market grew 26% to become an $18 billion market according to market research firm IDC. According to Citi’s survey, SaaS has already captured 8% of their software wallets so far and firms expect to increase spending to 70% of their budget over time — a 9-fold increase.

rb-

The Citi prognosticators are so smart, they are at least a year behind the Bach Seat. I have covered cloud since 2011. I think we all know that cloud computing and software-defined networking are information technology disrupters. Thanks, guys.

 

Related articles

 

Ralph Bach has been in IT long enough to know better and has blogged from his Bach Seat about IT, careers, and anything else that catches his attention since 2005. You can follow him on LinkedInFacebook, and Twitter. Email the Bach Seat here.

Is Cisco buying Twitter followers for CSO?

Is Cisco buying Twitter followers for CSO?Brad Reese at BradReese.com writes that it seems ailing network giant Cisco (CSCO) has bought Twitter followers for Chief Strategy Officer Padmasree Warrior. Mr. Reese asks if Cisco purposely violate the Twitter rules that forbid the purchasing of accounts to gain followers?

Cisco logoMr. Reese points to information from TwitterAudit which exposes Twitter fraud is reporting: Approximately half-a-million (509,426) of the Twitter followers of the network gear maker’s Chief Strategy Officer, Padmasree Warrior, are fake Twitter accounts.

Each audit takes a random sample of 5000 Twitter followers for a user and calculates a score for each follower. This score is based on number of tweets, date of the last tweet, and ratio of followers to friends. We use these scores to determine whether any given user is real or fake. Of course, this scoring method is not perfect but it is a good way to tell if someone with lots of followers is likely to have increased their follower count by inorganic, fraudulent, or dishonest means.

Padmasree Warrior TwitterAudit

Mr. Reese writes he ran the following Status People check on the 1.4 million Twitter followers of Cisco Chief Strategy Officer, Padmasree Warrior:

Padmasree Warrior TwitterAudit

The practice of buying Twitter followers to boost your reputation in an online network seems to be mainstream business, as any Google search on the topic will show. It has also been covered by the New York Times, “Buying Their Way to Twitter FameNetwork World, “Inside the real economy behind fake Twitter accounts” and even mentioned on NPR.

 

rb-
I signed up to follow the networking business’s CSO to see what competitive insights I could gain from the CSO. The tweets coming out of the Cisco Chief Strategy Officer was were often so pointless that they seemed to be coming from a 16-year-old and not a key business person in the IT world.

The tweets were so pointless I just ignored them, now I am going to expend the effort to actually unfollow Warrior …..

Done – So now Cisco you will have to buy another Twitter follower to follow pointless tweets for your business leaders – Now get back to making great network gear.

 

Ralph Bach has been in IT long enough to know better and has blogged from his Bach Seat about IT, careers, and anything else that catches his attention since 2005. You can follow him on LinkedInFacebook, and Twitter. Email the Bach Seat here.